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Psychology: briefer course, by William James
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This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
- Sales Rank: #7986147 in Books
- Published on: 2011-09-12
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.69" h x 1.01" w x 7.44" l, 1.96 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 502 pages
About the Author
William James was the son of the philosopher Henry James and brother of the novelist Henry James.
James A. Secord has served as Director of the Darwin Correspondence Project since 2006. He is Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Cambridge and a fellow of Christ's College. Besides his work for the Darwin Project, his research focuses on the history of science from the late eighteenth to the early twentieth centuries. His book, Victorian Sensation: The Extraordinary Publication, Reception, and Secret Authorship of Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (2000), won the Pfizer Prize of the History of Science Society.
Fredson Bowers is Linden Kent Professor of English, Emeritus, at the University of Virginia.
Most helpful customer reviews
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
The Psychology of William James
By Robin Friedman
In 1890, following a twelve-year effort, the American philosopher and psychologist William James published his 1200-page "Principles of Psychology". The "Principles" is a grand work which a group of distinguished psychologists described in 1969 as "the most literate, most provocative, and at the same time the most intelligent book on psychology that has ever appeared in English on any other language." The "Principles" proved greatly influential on many philosophers, notably Edmund Husserl and Ludwig Wittgenstein, as well as on psychologists. Because of the length and depth of the "Principles", it proved unsuitable for classroom use by undergraduates. Thus, working rapidly in 1891, William James substantially revised and abridged his masterpiece, resulting in his "Psychology: Briefer Course" published in 1892. For many years, this book was a standard textbook in psychology, and it remains eminently worth reading as an introduction to the discipline and to James's own thought.
The "Psychology" is about one-third the length of the "Principles." It consists of approximately 40 percent new material, most of which is in the opening chapters of the book on sensation and on anatomy and physiology. The remainder of the book is an abridgment of the earlier work, with philosophical discussions, quotations from other authors, and polemical material deleted or sharply curtailed.
The "Psychology" is an accessible and endlessly fascinating book on at least three levels: first, for its insight into the science of psychology; second for the suggestive character of its discussion of the relationship between psychology (and the natural sciences)on the one hand and philosophy and religion on the other hand; third, for the eloquence of James's writing and for his passion for the ethical and active life.
I will say a short word in the following three paragraphs about each of these.
At the outset, James defines psychology as "the description and explanation of states of consciousness as such." He also finds that psychology and mental activity are neurologically and physiologically based. In other words, as James writes, "the immediate condition of a state of consciousness is an activity of some sort in the cerebral hemispheres." An illustration of the physiological basis of James work is his theory of the emotions, called the James-Lange theory, in which he argued that human feelings and emotions were rooted in actions and efforts rather than, is is still frequently supposed, the other way round. Everything that James writes has an empirical, physiological cast; and yet his work is far from reductionist. For all its emphasis on physiology, James analysis of the mind begins in chapters 9 and 10 with his discussions of the "stream of consciousness" and of the nature of the "self". He uses what he describes as the analytical method to analyze the fact of consciousness into habit, emotion, instinct, reasoning, attention, and the like. He does not take a Lockean/Humean approach by attempting to derive consciousness by compounding from simple sensation.
James distinguishes the scientific approach of psychology from the questions of metaphysics of philosophy while showing their interrelations. Scientific studies are partial and rely upon evidence, while metaphysics involves an attempt to think globally. With an appealing humility, James stresses how little is fundamentally known about psycholgy, an observation that may still hold true today. James emphasizes the limited reach of human cognition and the selective character of all human perception. In a memorable passage, he describes the mind's attempt to abstract from reality, which he characterizes as "one big blooming buzzing Confusion." I found a Kantian tendency in much of what James says about human knowledge in the Psychology. James also emphasizes, as did Kant, the deterministic character of scientific observation and study. But James does not find the physiological character of human effort necessarily inconsistent with human free will or with the power of the individual with effort to control his or her destiny.
With all its scientific learning, the Psychology has an ethical, exhortatory tone as befitting its proposed use by students. James can be a magnificently inspiring writer. The Psychology concludes with a discussion of the will. James writes about the need to hold to the possibility of the free will in order to make an individual's life meaningful and significant. He writes at the conclusion of his chapter on the will:
"Thus not only our morality but our religion, so far as the latter is deliberate, depend on the effort which we can make. "Will you or won't you have it so?" is the most probing question we are ever asked; we are asked it every hour of the day, and about the largest as well as the smallest, the most theoretical as well as the most practical, things. we answer by consents or non-consents and not by words. What wonder that these dumb responses should seem our deepest organs of communication with the nature of things! What wonder if the effort demanded by them be the measure of our worth as men! What wonder if the amount which we accord of it were the one strictly underived and original contribution which we make to the world!"
The edition of the "Psychology" I am reviewing here is the authoritive edition of "The Works of William James" published by Harvard University Press. Certain other editions in print omit the early chapters on sensation and should be avoided. The best source of this work for the interested reader is in volume 1 of the writings of William James, 1879-1899 published by the Library of America. It includes the Harvard text of the Principles as well as several other works of James and sells at at economical price.
Robin Friedman
2 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Forward looking at first, but then retreats into old-fashioned solutions
By Bomojaz
Through the first half of this novel it looks as if American novelist Winston Churchill might be plowing new ground: a naturalistic approach to major public and private issues, including the rights of workers, the role of unions, female victimhood at the hands of powerful men, pre-marital sex, even abortion. But halfway through he seems to lose his nerve and reverts back to older, genteel, idealistic solutions to the problems he raises.
The main plot thread is concerned with Janet Bumpus, who takes a job as secretary to Claude Ditmar, an agent for the Chippering Mills. Ditmar falls in love with her and seduces her at a hotel in Boston. Right afterward it's as if she sees him for what he is for the first time, and disagrees with his business practices, siding with the downtrodden workers when they go on strike. Dumping Ditmar, Janet next becomes interested in a radical intellectual, Leonard Rolfe. But when she learns that free love is part of his radical beliefs, she quickly takes her leave of him. She then meets Brooks Insall, an idealistic writer who sympathizes with the proletarian cause but sees himself as too far above it to get involved personally, except through his writings done in his safe ivory tower (these types are still too much with us today, unfortunately).
Here is where Churchill's book really begins to crumble to dust and ashes. Just before meeting Insall, Janet realizes she's pregnant with Ditmar's child. Insall loves her and wants to marry her anyway, but she comes to the conclusion he's only being generous and she refuses him. She also now believes that Ditmar really loved her (and she him), but when she seeks him out, she learns he is dead. She decides to go away to northern Maine to have the child and leave it to Insall (and his mother) to raise - all very convenient because she "knows" she's going to die anyway, and she does. "Modern" issues (at least this personal dilemma faced by Janet; the problem with the unions and the workers is pretty much dropped altogether) are therefore dealt with the only way Churchill knew how - in the 19th-century "proper" and idealistic way you might expect from such lesser "romantic-realistic" writers as Marion Crawford, Margaret Deland, or F. Constance Woolson (and never from someone like Dreiser, whom he seemed to be imitating at the beginning).
A second plot thread involves Janet's sister Lise, who falls faster and harder than Janet, ending up in prostitution, though her purpose seems to be more a mirror that Janet can hold up to measure her own life against, which allows her to make the decisions she does near the end. The scenes dealing with Lise is Churchill at his most naturalistic - and modern. But it's as if Churchill knew he hadn't it within him to continue in this vein, thus the regression to "safer" ground at the end. This was his last novel; one wonders if he felt he was loosing touch with mainstream trends in America and thus quit trying to depict it in fiction. It was probably a wise decision: it's hard to imagine how poorly a new novel of his might've been received in the age of Fitzgerald, Hemingway, and Lewis.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A Great Book
By Mary
William James is a great prose stylist. There are few writers that can match him in the clarity and beauty of his writing. I first read this book 40 years ago, and I was a reluctant reader as I had little interest in psychology. Actually the book contains material that the modern reader would not expect to find in a book on psychology: essays on Sight, Hearing, Touch, etc. But James just brings the reader along and the details of each topic become engrossing. The essay on Habit is marvelous example. There is, as in many of these essays, some technical points he makes. (This was a ground-breaking work when it was first published, and many of James's observations were new and illuminating.) Some intellectual engagement is required from the reader. With that said, the reader will be carried along by the beauty of its prose and the compelling, even entertaining, observations James uses to shore up his arguments.
I always remember one observation made by James in his essay on Habit. "Hardly ever is a language learned after twenty [years of age] spoken without a foreign accent" I have checked this out when I could over the last forty years, and found it is almost always true.
We have all read books that are filled with plodding prose, or worse still, jargon. Good prose should have movement so that the reader feels he is progressing from point to point and is being carried to the author's conclusions. To the authors who plod along, I suggest that before they sit down to write, that they spend ten minutes reading James. They can only profit.
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